History of Buganda Agreement
The agreement stipulated that the Kabaka were to exercise direct domination over the indigenous people of Buganda, who administered justice through the Lukiiko and their officials. [6] He also consolidated the power of the largely Protestant Bakungu client chiefs, led by Kagwa. The British sent only a few officials to administer the country and relied mainly on the Bakungu chiefs. For decades, they were favored for their political skills, Christianity, friendly relations with the British, ability to raise taxes, and Entebbe`s proximity to the Ugandan capital. In the 1920s, British administrators were more confident and had less need for military or administrative support. [4] The Kingdom of Uganda is subject to the same customs regulations, the same regulations on porters, etc., which can be introduced with His Majesty`s consent for the Protectorate of Uganda in general, which in a certain sense may be called external taxation, but no other internal taxation other than the tax on huts can be imposed on the indigenous people of the province of Uganda without the consent of the Kabaka. who must be guided in this matter by the majority of the votes of his or her home counsel. The Buganda Agreement of 1955 was signed on 18 October 1955 between Andrew Cohen, Governor of the Protectorate of Uganda, and Mutesa II, Kabaka of Buganda. [1] The agreement facilitated the return of mutesa II as constitutional monarch and ended the kabaka crisis that began when the Kabaka were exiled to England by Cohen in 1953.
[2] It amended Uganda`s earlier agreement of 1900. [1] The final text reflected the agreed outcomes of the Namirembe Conference. “Buganda Agreements” means the Buganda Accords from 1894 to l955 and all other agreements hereinafter concluded on behalf of His Majesty with the Kabaka, chiefs and people of Buganda or the Government of Kabaka, but do not contain any Buganda Laws or Rules of Procedure issued in accordance with this Constitution; At the request of Sir Gerald Portal, Alfred Tucker, Bishop of East Equatorial Africa and later Bishop of Uganda, urged the British authorities to take control of Uganda. [2] On May 29, 1893, a treaty between Portal and Kabaka Mwanga unofficially secured Uganda as a British protectorate. On August 27, 1894, Mwanga was forced to sign another contract with Colonel H.E. Colvile, which encouraged the conventional takeover of the territory. [3] Although the treaties of 1893 and 1894 were concluded because Uganda, as determined by the Berlin Conference, was within the British sphere of influence, Britain did not have the sanctity of traditional rulers and their peoples. It was important that an agreement be reached as opposed to a treaty, so that British rule would become de jure and not de facto. [3] After further negotiations in London, Namirembe`s recommendations (with minor amendments) were adopted in July 1955 in the form of a new Buganda Agreement, which aimed to “supplement and, if necessary, amend the 1900 Agreement” rather than replace it. [3] [7] The main delay was caused by a conflict between Mutesa`s desire to sign the final agreement in Buganda and the British view that his consent was a condition of his return.
[7] The solution found was “a transitional agreement that will run until the main agreement in Buganda is signed by the Kabaka upon its return. This transitional agreement, with the exception of the transitional provisions, will have the same conditions as the main agreement and will be signed by the personal representatives of the Kabaka after approval by the Lukiko. In November, he changed the position of the British government and accepted the return of mutesa, subject to the adoption and implementation of namirembe`s recommendations. [5] [6] Assuming that the territory of the Kingdom of Uganda, as it exists within the borders specified in the Agreement, amounts to 19,600 square miles, it will be divided into the following parts: After the adoption of the new Agreement, Mutesa duly returned to Buganda[3], and the Main Agreement was duly signed on October 18. [1] [3] The signatures of the Kabaka, the Governor and other witnesses appear at the end of the treaty. [1] The agreement was negotiated by Alfred Tucker, Bishop of Uganda,[5] and signed, among others, by Bugandas Katikiro Apollo Kagwa on behalf of kabaka (Daudi Cwa II), who was still an infant at the time, and Sir Harry Johnston on behalf of the British colonial government. 39 In the event of a disagreement between the Protectorate Government and the Kabaka Government which cannot be resolved by a discussion between the representative of the two Governments, and the Governor is satisfied that the matter is prejudicial to the interests of peace, order or good governance of the Protectorate of Uganda, the Governor may formally advise the Ministers thereon. To force a solution to the deepening political crisis, the Governor of Uganda, Sir Andrew Cohen, invoked the [[Uganda Agreement (1900)] and demanded that the Kabaka (Mutesa II) follow the british government`s policy of promoting the continuation of the existence of one unified Ugandan state. 3][4] The Kabaka refused. [4] [5] As a result, the British government withdrew its recognition of Mutesa II as a Ugandan leader under Article 6 of the Uganda Agreement of 1900 and forcibly deported Mutesa to Britain. [3] [5] The news of Mutesa`s deportation severely shocked the Baganda and led to a constitutional crisis.
[4] Cohen preferred that a new kabaka be installed immediately, but this proved impossible, necessitating a more complete outcome of the negotiations. [3] [4] The government for specific purposes is appointed in a manner that can be approved by Governor 38. 1. The Government of Kabaka shall assume responsibility for the administration of the services in Buganda previously administered by the Government of the Protectorate in accordance with Annex A of this Constitution (hereinafter referred to in this article as “the Transferred Services”) as soon as appropriate arrangements have been made for the secondment of the necessary officials and employees of the Government of the Protectorate in accordance with paragraph 4. 6. If the Governor approves the name of a person chosen for appointment to a ministerial post, the person designated by Katikiro shall select another person in the manner referred to in paragraph 5 of this Article and submit his or her name to the Governor for approval as Minister. “Minor” in relation to Kabaka means a person under the age of eighteen. – (4) Any reference in this Constitution to an official responsible for revising the system of election of representative members of the Legislative Council representing Buganda by representatives of the Protectorate Government and the Kabaka Government. .
- On February 22, 2022
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